german military commanders ww1
Spanning from 1939 to 1945, World War II was one of the most brutal conflicts in human history. This segment from Pathé Gazette shows the German army marching past the Regent of Hungary, Admiral Horthy, in 1938 as the crowds give them a Nazi salute. German general Günther Blumentritt, a key planner of the invasions of France and Poland, wrote in a study for the U.S. Army after the war, "We regarded General Patton extremely highly as the most aggressive Panzer General of the Allies, a man of incredible initiative and lightning . Naval engineer Lieutenant Arnholdt … Reconstituted from the Njemen Army: GdInf Otto v. Below, 30 December 1915 - 3 October 1916. It … As Chief of the General Staff of the German Army, he was responsible for the “Race to the Sea”, where German and Allied troops tried to outflank one another but ended up entrenched along a front extending from Switzerland to the North Sea. So, in no particular order…here are some interesting, amusing, sad, and ultimately, historic, quotes from the war to end all wars…. early battles of 1914 some German commanders, disregarding any need for *Ludwig Renn is a pseudonym for Arnold Friedrich Vieth von Golssenau, who was trained in the prewar German Army, served in the trenches during the war, and became a communist after the war. This exciting book by Julian Jackson, a leading historian of twentieth-century France, charts the breathtakingly rapid events that led to the defeat and surrender of one of the greatest bastions of the Western Allies, and thus to a dramatic ... Commanders of the German Army Groups, Numbered Armies and Named Armies, 1914-1919 A list of all German Army Group, numbered Army, and named Army … Another member of German nobility, Albrecht von Württemberg was the eldest son of Duke Philipp and his wife, the Archduchess Maria Theresa. 111) 20.12.1916-10.08.1917, and I wonder whether (after the handing over of … He was made Lieutenant-General in 1905 and General of the Infantry in A list of all German Army Group, numbered Army, and named Army commanders for the war followed by birth-death dates and the dates of a general's tenure of command. Among the Dukes, Archdukes, Barons and Counts, the Germans also fielded several members of royal families: Prince Heinrich of Prussia served in the Kaiserliche Marine but was limited during the war to an appointment as Inspector-General of the Navy; the 69-year-old Prince Leopold of Bavaria commanded the German Ninth Army on the Eastern Front; Crown Prince Rupprecht was considered a fine tactical leader, and his Sixth Army inflicted heavy casualties on the French forces at Lorraine; while Crown Prince Wilhelm – son of Kaiser Wilhelm II – led the Fifth Army at Verdun, appointed to the task by Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn. GdInf Kosch (5 April 1866-22 December 1942), 1 May - 10 June 1917, acting commander. My goal is to offer quality military collectibles ranging from Pre-WW1 to Post Vietnam from various nations. WWI Document Archive > 1914 Documents > German Army Groups on the Eastern Front. A. A-Stand - Forward defensive gunner's position on aircraft. Rather, it was an extension of historic tradition of German military theory, dating back to Friedrich II ("the Great").3 Either way, the nature of German doctrine A column of Panzer 35(t) and Panzer IV tanks make their way through France circa 1940. Keep in mind his initial command may have been on another front or at a lower level. I am a collector of US Shoulder Sleeve Insignia (SSI) from WW1-WW2. Hello Everybadeh I Want Share History Of German Military Helmet. Focusing on the decisive engagements of World War I, the author explores the immense challenges faced by the commanders on all sides, looking at the changing weapons and tactics and offering his own assessment on what brought about the war ... A list of all German Army Group, numbered Army, and named Army commanders for the war followed by birth-death dates and the dates of a general's tenure of command. But as food and other resources including replacements diminished, and as America entered the war, the top command increasingly panicked. The German High Command at War: Hindenburg and Ludendorff and the First World War by Robert B Asprey (Time Warner Paperbacks, 1994) Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914-1918 by . They were better trained, had better weapons and generals, but were controlled or ordered by a lunatic. GFM v. Mackensen (6 December 1857 - 6 November 1945), 30 September 1915 - 2 December 1918. According to William Dean, the soldier in the trenches ultimately determined the tactics of the war, not the commanders. Keep in mind his initial command may have been on another front or at a lower level. This was followed up by the Battle of the Masurian Lakes, which drove the Russians out of German territory with huge losses. He served in China as part of the Allied forces sent to help quell the Boxer Rebellion, and it was here that he got his first taste of guerrilla warfare. GFM Prinz Leopold v. Bayern (9 February 1846 - 28 September 1930), 29 August 1916 - 21 January 1919. GdInf v. Fabeck, 22 September 1915 - 3 October 1916. disbanded. For access, contact faculty librarian for Humanities and Social Sciences. The commander of the Imperial German Army, less the Bavarian contingent, was the Kaiser.He was assisted by a Military Cabinet and exercised control through the … German Soldiers in Russia: Part 1 Hubert Menzel was a major in the General Operations Department of the OKH (the Oberkommando des Heers, the German Army headquarters), and for him the idea of invading the Soviet Union in 1941 had the smack of cold, clear logic to it: 'We knew that in two years' time, that is by the end of 1942, beginning of 1943, the English would be ready, the Americans would . Native Filipino, survived the Death March, released by the Japanese, joined the . 2d Army 'It is my Royal and Imperial command that you exterminate the treacherous English and march over General French's contemptible little army.' (Kaiser Wilhelm II, 1914) ' The machine gun is a much over . During the army-command reorganisation of 1915, Albrecht was promoted to Field Marshal and given control of a newly formed “Army Group Albrecht”. Heeresgruppe Herzog Albrecht v. Wuerttemberg: (Army Group Duke Albrecht of Wuerttemberg) Njemen Army Evaluates the Battle of the Marne as one of the most important land battles of the 20th century and analyzes the strategies of Germany's plan to capture France and how its failure culminated in a catastrophic trench war. GdInf v. Falkenhayn, 6 September 1916 - 10 June 1917. The German naval mutiny at Kiel in Oct. was caused by the rumor of a suicide atttack planned against the British navy. His forces enjoyed great success, capturing the fortress of Namur and later defeating Charles Lanrezac’s Fifth Army at the Battle of Charleroi. $3,995.00. In more than 300 pages, the authors examine all aspects of the army. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck (20 March 1870 - 9 March 1964), also called the Lion of Africa (German: Löwe von Afrika), was a … This page is not a comprehensive list of all the commanders during all the months of fighting and changes of command. Army reorganized, 19 July 1916 25 February 1917 - 11 November 1919. Erich Ludendorff, (born April 9, 1865, Kruszewnia, near Poznań, Prussian Poland—died Dec. 20, 1937, Munich, Ger. Officers of the German military mission assumed responsibility for the command of the Turkish army under the leadership of Enver. Heeresgruppe Gallwitz: (Army Group Gallwitz) In December 1913, a German mission arrived in Turkey with the task of reorganizing the Ottoman army. GdInf Otto v. Below, 9 September 1917 - 22 January 1918. As Commander-in-Chief, Southeast, Marshal von Weichs controlled Army Group E as well, in effect placing Army Group F . Committee of Public Information- government office during World War I it was . The Chief of the General Staff was Generaloberst Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, with General … 5th Army 11th Army GdInf Fritz v. Below, 4 April 1915 - 19 July 1916. GLT=Generalleutnant (Major General) Some were simply after adventure, like Tom Barry, later to become a noted IRA … 1 Erich von Manstein Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein (24 November 1887 - 9 June 1973) was a German commander of the Wehrmacht, Nazi Germany's armed forces during the Second World War. $599.99. — detachment, section, battalion. GFM=Generalfeldmarschal (Field Marshal) A detailed account of the composition, structure and Organisation of the First World War German Army has long been needed by English-language readers - this work will fill this gap admirably.In more than 300 pages, the authors examine all ... GdInf Fritz v. Below (23 Sep 53-23 Nov 1918), 19 July 1916 - 12 October 1918. Four months later, he was placed in charge of II Reserve Corps in Galicia (modern-day western Ukraine), before taking GdInf Sixt v. Arnim (27 Nov 51-1 Oct 36), 29 November 18 - 2 January 1919. 12th Army GFM Prinz Leopold v. Bayern, 16 April 1915 - 30 July 1916. For more on history’s greatest military leaders, pick up the new issue of History of War here or subscribe now and save 25% off the cover price. Brigadier General Vicente Lim (U.S. Army) Commanding General, 41 st Philippine Division. GO Rupprecht v. Bayern, 2 August 1916 - 28 August 1916. A considerable number of these older terms have been retained in this list, but not all. GdInf v. Eberhardt, 6 August 1918 - 31 October 1918. © Military historian and strategist Mungo Melvin combines his research in German military archives and battlefield records with unprecedented access to family archives to get to the truth of Manstein's life and deliver this definitive ... GdArt v. Scholtz, 2 January 1917 - 22 April 1917. WW1's untold story: The forgotten African battlefields. Provides an in-depth history of the Battle of the Bulge, arguing that the German offensive was set to fail from its launch and precipitated Germany's defeat. Faction: The German Army WWIIIn 1935, Hitler, Fuhrer of Nazi Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German army's strength by bringing i. More information on cookies and how to manage them. A detailed account of the composition, structure and organization of the First World War German Army has long been needed by English-language readers - this work will fill the gap admirably. He was then seconded to the Eighth Army on the Eastern Front, where he was instrumental in Paul von Hindenburg’s success against the Russians. GdInf v. Linsingen, 11 January 1915 - 6 July 1915. Generals. Neither the Kaiser nor Scheer felt the desire to take on the Grand Fleet in open combat again. Generals. World War I began in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. Disbanded. In Fort Orhanié, battery commander Lieutenant Hans Woermann was the first German officer to be killed in action on 19 February 1915. 28 August 1916 - 21 November 1918. A detailed analytical text is followed by an extensive compendium of order-of-battle data. If it wasn't for Hitler, Manstein would have save the encircled 6th Army. 9th Army In 1885, he was made Lieutenant of the 57th Infantry Regiment, before joining various other units, and was frequently commended for his service. With the battle indecisive and the losses huge, von Falkenhayn was replaced as Chief of Staff by Paul von Hindenburg. General Fritz von Lossberg (1868–1942) directed virtually all the major German defensive battles on the Western Front during the First World War. Scheer’s first act was to push for greater U-boat activity against British warships, in an attempt to lure the Royal Navy’s Grand Fleet out to engage with the Germans. Heeresgruppe Mackensen: (Army Group Mackensen, often also called Army Group East, Balkans, and Rumania) Born into Bavarian nobility, Count Felix Graf von Bothmer spent 40 years in the military, serving with Bavarian and control of the “Sudarmee”, or South Army, in 1915 – a mixture of German, Austrian, Hungarian and Turkish troops on the Eastern Front. GM=General Major (Brigadier General). Found insideThe book was seen as a watershed in military theory and was widely read across the world; to ensure that the ideas were disseminated to their students the American Army translated it into English. John Strawson answers these and other questions by showing how Hitler's insatiable preoccupation with war and conquest was translated into reality. This page was last modified on 30 June 2009, at 21:37. WW1 German Imperial cased order crown commander Prussian badge pin … These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. Commanders of the German Army Groups, Numbered Armies and Named Armies, 1914-1919 GLT v. Estorff (1859-1943), 14 December 1918 - 14 January 1919. This page is not a comprehensive list of all the commanders during all the months of fighting and changes of … GdInf v. Eberhardt, 6 August 1918 - 31 October 1918. 1910, and with the outbreak of war was appointed commander of the Sixth Bavarian Reserve Division at Ypres. He was duly appointed head of “Army Group Woyrsch” in Silesia, which was followed by successes at the battles of Thorn and Sienno, plus a victory against Alexei Evert’s forces during the Brusilov Offensive of 1916. Marschall v. Altengottern (26 September 1855 - 20 November 1930), 22 November 1918 - 30 December 1918. In 1915, he was moved to the Third Battle Squadron with its newer, more powerful dreadnoughts. In 1916, Ludendorff assumed the title First Generalquartiermeister, and is regarded as being the most powerful man in Germany at that time. GdInf v. Hutier (27 August 1857 - 5 December 1934), 22 April 1917 - 12 December 1917. This book is a profound reexamination of the role of the German army, the Wehrmacht, in World War II. Until very recently, the standard story avowed that the ordinary German soldier in World War II was a good soldier, distinct from Hitler's ... Abwehr — "defense"; as a shortening of Spionage Abwehr (spy defense) the term referred to the counter-espionage service (German Secret Service) of the German High Command, headed by Admiral Canaris. He received numerous medals, including the Austrian Order of Leopold, the Iron Cross and the Pour le Mérite, and his record number of tonnage makes him the most successful submarine commander of all time. Under Westmoreland's command, the Vietnam war began smoothly as the U.S. "won every battle." But in 1968, when Westmoreland became Army Chief of Staff, Communist forces baited Westmoreland into committing nearly 40% of his strength to the military outpost at Khe Sanh, then attacked cities and towns throughout South Vietnam. From the “Blood-Miller of Verdun” to the “Lion of Africa”, we remember some of Germany’s greatest military masterminds. 8th Army disbanded and turned into Njemen Army until 30 December 1915. After the coup of 1913 that brought Enver to power, German-Ottoman military cooperation became national policy. Sep 5, 2016 - Famous notable commanders during the Second World War of both Allied and Axis powers. German Empire (1906) SPAAG - 1 Prototype. Heeresgruppe Deutscher Kronprinz: (Army Group German Crown Prince) Blue Topped U-Boat Cap with … The Most Successful Submarine Captain Ever. Allied and German Military Commanders. Bavaria still had it's own nominally independent … Dt. See more ideas about ww2, world war, war. Heeresgruppe Linsingen: (Army Group Linsingen) At first all went well. GdInf Graf v. Bothmer, 7 July 1915 - 3 March 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central . b. German writers often use cortbinations of single abbreviations. The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially Great General Staff (German: Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of … In an attempt to “bleed France white”, he organised the nine-month attritional Battle of Verdun. According to the tradition of his Prussian family, Karl von Bülow entered the military as a young man. Heeresgruppe Scholtz/Macedonia: (Army Group Scholtz/Macedonia) The Army's primary communication methods had, for some time, been signal dispatch - messengers on foot/horseback, animal conveyance (dogs, carrier pigeons), and visual signalling; the BEF command was in any case somewhat suspicious of the new-fangled wireless, and made limited use of it for strategic communications. Despite World War I's reputation as a senseless bloodbath whose military operations were devoid of any intelligent thought, the period 1914-1918 was history's single largest revolution in military tactics and technologies. And the reasons why can be found in the country's sinister past. GdArt v. Gallwitz, 7 August 1915 - 22 September 1915. Virtually nothing about standard battlefield operations prior to 1914 remained valid after 1918. GdInf v. Fabeck (6 May 54-16 Dec 1916) 28 March 1915 - 17 September 1915, army disbanded. Found insideNow, in his major new history, Allan Mallinson, former professional soldier and author of the acclaimed 1914: Fight the Good Fight, provides answers that are disturbing as well as controversial, and have a contemporary resonance. Was Designed in 1842 By King Frederick Willian IV Of Prussia ,It is not clear whether this was a case of imitation, parallel invention, or if both were based on the earlier Napoleonic cuirassier. $1,695.00. Pickelhaube:(1842-1916). G eneral George S. Patton Jr. died on December 21, 1945, as a legend, praised even by his defeated opponents. has the dates of the command, that officer likely held a previous army command and appears somewhere else on the list. Oct 14, 2019 - Historic and antique arms, curiosities, and miscellaneous history. First German Imperial Army Use Pickelhaube . The Russian army was under the command of Grand Duke Nicholas, who had come to the aid of French soldiers who were under . However, he always acted according to the “prize rules”, allowing ships’ crews to board lifeboats and giving them directions to the nearest port before torpedoing the vessel. GO Graf v. Kirchbach (9 August 1850 - 6 November 1925), 31 July 1918 - 7 February 1919. GdArt v. Schubert (19 April 1850 - 13 May 1933), 28 August 1916 - 11 March 1917. Presents a day-by-day chronology of the events of World War I and a biographical dictionary of people involved in the conflict. 6th Army The overall commander of the Imperial German Army was Kaiser Wilhelm II. He returned home a hero but would end up destitute, supported by a pension paid for by former rivals from Africa and Britain. GdInf v. Carlowitz, 6 August 1918 - 22 September 1918. Led most lethal tank attack Capt. 7th Army . He attained the rank of field marshal. The German Army of 1914 went into battle in a uniform little changed from the 19th Century. Was Designed in 1842 By King Frederick Willian IV Of Prussia,It is not clear whether this was a case of imitation, parallel invention, or if both were based on the earlier Napoleonic cuirassier.The early Russian type (known as "The Helmet of Yaroslav Mudry . . GO Eichhorn 31 March - 30 July 1918. Donau Army (Rumania) At the outbreak of war, Albrecht was in command of the German Fourth Army and saw action in the Battle of the Ardennes, where the French defenders were heavily defeated. In 1910, the Army field uniform was modernized, mainly by changing the … This book will be of great interest to all students of disarmament, the interwar period and of military history, modern European history and security studies. As the German Army was drastically reduced to the 100,000-man Reichsheer, Generaloberst Hans von Seeckt, Chief of the Army Command, sought a means to perpetuate the traditions and heritage of the "old armies" (i.e . A year later, he was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the High Seas Fleet when Hugo von Pohl was forced to step down due to ill health. Commanders of the German Army Groups, Numbered Armies and Named Armies, 1914-1919 A list of all German Army Group, numbered Army, and named Army commanders for the war followed by birth-death dates and the dates of a general's tenure of command. At the outbreak of WWI, Paul von Hindenburg was retired, having served with the Prussian Army during the Franco- Prussian War, with whom he attained the rank of General. Many generals had several commands, thus if one comes across an officer whose name simply has the . A collection of primary and secondary documents that offers students, scholars, and war buffs an extensive and easy-to-follow overview of World War I. All About History is part of Future plc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. GO v. Boehn (16 August 1850 - 18 February 1921), 6 August 1918 - 31 October 1918. April 1915, Army moved to Serbia. GdInf v. Lochow (1 April 1855 - 11 April 1942), 1 December 1916 - 17 December 1916. GdInf Graf v. Kirchbach, 12 December 1917 - 31 July 1918. Michael Wittmann, German, World War II Credited with destroying 138 tanks, 132 antitank guns, and uncounted other vehicles on the Russian front and at Normandy, SS-Hauptsturmführer Wittmann is best known for his rampage against the British 7th Armored Division outside Villers-Bocage in June 1944, devastating as many as 14 tanks, 2 antitank guns, and 15 other . He spent seven years as a military instructor in China during the Boxer Rebellion, before being posted back to various posts in Germany. August von Mackensen was one of the most successful commanders in World War I, leading German armies to a string of victories on the Eastern Front. The Kaiser's Bunker . At the outbreak of war … Von Bülow ordered von Kluck to turn towards him, resulting in the First Army exposing its flanks to Allied attack at the Battle of the Marne. On this page, you will find all military and campaign medals, orders of knighthood, awards and decorations of Germany given during the Great War, or WW1, which … In prewar planning, Ludendorff played a … From, From, 'Führer des Kaiserl. Discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy, with extensive details about the planning stage, called Operation Overlord, as well as the fighting on Utah and Omaha Beaches. Future Publishing Limited Welcome to Fitzkee Militaria, my name is Sean Fitzkee. GFM Herzog Albrecht v. Wurttemberg (23 December 1865 - 29 October 1939): During the war, von Lettow-Vorbeck harried British colonies in Rhodesia and Kenya in a series of guerrilla raids, often outnumbered by as much as 8:1. GFM Albrecht v. Saxony, 2 August 1914 - 25 February 1917. A detailed account of the composition, structure and organization of the First World War German Army has long been needed by English-language readers - this work will fill the gap admirably. Military disobedience is actually baked into the German Bundeswehr, or armed forces. Descended from Pomeranian merchants, Erich Ludendorff was a gifted student who graduated from Cadet School at the top of his class. Abbreviations: Born in Posen (Poznán in modern-day Poland) and a descendant of French nobility, he was educated at the cadet schools of Wahlstatt and Gross-Lichterfelde. GdInf v. Linsingen (10 February 1850 - 6 May 1935), 18 September 1915 - 31 March 1918. The author explores the often overlooked historical issue of Jews or "partial Jews" serving in the Germany military--as many as 150,000 men who served as enlisted men, officers, and even generals. (Military History) latter, asserting that German military philosophy had not changed during the interwar period. The classic history of Adolph Hitler's rise to power and his dramatic defeat Many generals had several commands, thus if one comes across an officer whose name simply However, his final actions were to oversee the retreat of the 19th Army in Lorraine, and the eventual demobilisation of the Bavarian Army. GdInf v. Fabeck, 9 March 1915 - 28 March 1915. GLT Crown Prince Wilhelm, (6 May 1882 - 20 July 1951), 2 Aug 1914 - 25 November 1916. GdInf Ritter v. Fasbender (3 November 1852 - 13 May 1933), 8 November 1918 - 18 December 1918. https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php?title=German_Army_Groups_on_the_Western_Front&oldid=8330. GdInf v. Steuben (1855-1935), 5 June 1917 - 4 December 1918. But hopefully, this page along with my Glossary of Words will identify some of the names or faces of leaders in the Italian Campaign. 18th Army Heeresgruppe Kronprinz Rupprecht v. Bayern: (Army Group Crown Prince Rupprecht von Bavaria) GO v. Falkenhausen (13 September 1844 - 4 May 1936), 28 August 1916 - 22 April 1917. American military law states that an order . Battle of Tannenberg (August of 1914) The August of 1914 Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russian and German soldiers. WW1 German Imperial cased order crown commander Prussian badge pin medal enamel. ARMY GROUPS, WESTERN FRONT In what would become known as the Belfort Ruse, the Allies drew German forces away from the actual upcoming offensive near . GdI (or Kav or Art)= General der Infanterie (Kavallerie, Artillerie) Lieutenant General After the war, he retired for a second and final time, before dying in 1920. General Dimitriev's Third Army of approximately 60,000 men and 150 artillery pieces was all that stood in front of . It also acquired a reputation for the war crimes (such as the massacre of more than 30,000 Jews at Babi Yar in September 1941) that . GdKav v. Einem gen. v. Rothmaler, 12 September 1914 - 18 January 1919. GO v. Heeringen (9 March 1850 - 9 October 1926), 2 August 1914 - 28 August 1916. Blue topped U-boat commanders and other officers cap with 'boot' badge. WW1 German Imperial cased order of the red eagle 2nd class neck badge pin medal. GdInf Fritz v. Below, 18 June 1918 - 7 August 1918. GdInf v. Linsingen, 6 July 1915 - 31 March 1918. The German Army of the Second World War was fighting on two fronts, completely outstretched and wasted on the Russian front with little or no resources. This is a basic guide to speaking German in and around the … NUMBERED ARMIES, WESTERN FRONT The 6th Army was a field army unit of the German Wehrmacht during World War II (1939-1945). Killed August 12, 1944 by German Sniper while at a regimental command post near Sourdeval, Normandy, France, after being in command of the division for less than … Heeresgruppe Woyrsch: (Army Group Woyrsch) GO v. Beneckendorf u. v. Hindenburg, 17 September 1914 - 1 November 1914. 14th Army, Italian Front With imperial aspirations running rampant, events in the Balkans in 1914 rapidly escalated into a full-blown conflict between Germany/Austro-Hungary and the Entente of Britain, France and Russia. GO Fhr. GdArt v. Gallwitz, 17 December 1916 - 22 September 1918. Found insideExamines how military culture forms and changes, as well as its impact on the effectiveness of military organizations. Lt. Barth was promoted to Hauptmann by the time he took command of another Luftschiff (LZ. GO v. Kluck (20 May 46-19 Oct 34) 2 Aug 1914-28 March 1915, wounded. Following the cessation of hostilities, the German revolutions meant that he lost his royal inheritance to the Kingdom of Württemberg. Military terms borrowed from other languages in use during the first World War and earlier have frequently been replaced in the present German Army by German equivalents. German military leader Erich Ludendorff gained fame with the victories at Liège and Tannenberg during World War I. Clearly better than Rommel. Feldheeres im Ersten Weltkriege,' Deutsches Soldatenjahrbuch, 1968), 92ff. Heeresgruppe (Yildirim) Palestina: (Army Group Palestine) Although he only had a handful of men under his command, our list wouldn’t be complete without the number-one U-boat ace, Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière.
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